STRATEGIC DRIVERS OF SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE: THE ROLE OF CAPABILITIES, LEAN MANUFACTURING, AND GREEN SUPPLY CHAINS IN PAKISTAN’S MANUFACTURING SECTOR
Keywords:
Strategic Capabilities, Green Supply Chain Management Practices, Lean Manufacturing,, Sustainable Environmental Performance.Abstract
ABSTRACTThis study examines how firm capabilities influence Lean Manufacturing (LM) and Green Supply Chain Management Practices (GSCMP), and their collective influence on Sustainable Environmental Performance (SEP), especially in the face of operational disruptions. Grounded in Dynamic Capability (DC) theory, The study developed a conceptual framework, and it was analysed using Structural Equation Modelling based on responses from 162 supply chain experts in the manufacturing sector of Pakistan. The analysis indicate that organizational capabilities in technology, innovation, and relationship management significantly enhance the implementation of LM and GSCMP, both of which positively affect SEP. This study uniquely integrates DC theory with LM and GSCMP in a disruption context, offering insights into how internal capabilities drive sustainability and resilience in emerging economies. Firms should invest in dynamic capabilities to support sustainable practices and maintain performance during periods of uncertainty. Strengthening supply chain sustainability promotes environmental responsibility, community well-being, and industrial resilience
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