PERCEIVED IMPACT OF OFFICE DESIGN ON PERFORMANCE OF FACULTY: EVIDENCE FROM FACULTY MEMBERS WORKING WITH LEADING HIGHER EDUCATIONS INSTITUTES OF KARACHI
Keywords:
Office Design, Higher Educational Sector, HEis and Employee Performance
Abstract
Office design is treated as one of the most important elements which affects employee performance and wellbeing. Researchers from all over the globe are continuously striving to improve this issue through systematic research activities. Although in Pakistan research work associated with this issue is not only rare but also does not have completeness and most of the articles are banking and telecom industries. Thus, there is potent need to analyze the impact of office design elements with detailed perspectives of variables on larger population size. This study tries to combine variable inventory from prior studies and conduct the research on higher educational institutes which are most dominant part of higher education sector of Pakistan. SMART PLS has been incorporated for data analysis and predicted that entire ranges of office design elements are significant on the performance of faculty members of higher educational institutes. Althoughrelationship with supervisors as a moderator is diminishing the impact of variables of office design and sometimes changes the effect from positive to negative.
References
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Ahmad, N., Khan, S., & Ali, F. (2016). An Investigation of Workplace Environment in Karachi Textile Industry towards Emotional Health. Journal of independent Studies and Research, 14(1), 63-78.
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Akhtar, N., Ali, S., Salman, M., Ur-Rehman, A. & Ijaz, A., (2014). Interior Design and its Impact on of Employees’ Productivity in Telecom Sector, Pakistan. Journal of Asian Business Strategy, 4(6), 74-82.
Al-Omari, K., & Okasheh, H. (2017). The Influence of Work Environment on Job Performance: A Case Study of Engineering Company in Jordan. international Journal of Applied Engineering Research,12(24), 15544-15550.
Amirazar, A., Azarbayjani, M., Day, J., Thariyan, E., Stearns, E., & Brentrup, D. (2017). Questionnaire Survey on Factors Influencing Occupants’ Overall Satisfaction on Different Office Layout in aMixed-Humid Climate. ARCC 2017: Architecture of Complexity,Amirazar/Azarbayjani/Day/Thariyan/Stearns/Brentrup.
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Becker, F. (2002). Improving organizational performance by exploiting workplace flexibility. Journal of facilities management, 1(2), 154-162.
Borman, W. C. (2004). The concept of organizational citizenship. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13(6), 238-241.
Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. M. (1993). Expanding the criterion domain to include elements of contextual performance. Personnel Selection in Organizations; San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 71-98.
Brannick, T., & Roche, W. K. (Eds.). (1997). Business research methods:strategies, techniques and sources. Oak Tree Press.
Bryman, A., Becker, S., & Sempik, J. (2008). Quality criteria for quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods research: A view from social policy. international Journal of Social Research Methodology, 11(4), 261-276.
Chandrasekar, K. (2011). Workplace environment and its impact on organizational performance in public sector organizations. international journal of enterprise computing and business systems, 1(1), 1-19.
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. Modern methods for business research, 295(2), 295-336.
Cullen, S. (2002). The perfect office machines. Office Solutions, 19(8), 18-18.
Cummings, L. L., & Schwab, D. P. (1973). Performance in organizations:Determinants & appraisal. Good Year Books.
Dalbokova, D., & Krzyzanowski, M. (2002). Environmental health indicators: development of a methodology for the WHO European Region. Statistical Journal of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, 19(1, 2), 93-103.
Dorgan, C. B., & Dorgan, C. E. (2005). U.S. Patent No. 6,842,760.Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Eiseman, L. (2006). Color: Messages and meanings: A Pantone color resource. Hand Books Press.
El-Zeiny, R. M. A. (2012). The interior design of workplace and its impact on employees’ performance: A case study of the private sector corporations in Egypt. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 35, 746-756.
Evans, G. W., Cohen, S., Stokols, D., & Altman, I. (1987).Handbook of environmental psychology. Handbook Environmental Psychology.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics.
Guest, S., & Van Laar, D. (2002). The effect of name category and discriminability on the search characteristics of color sets. Perception, 31(4), 445-461.
Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2016). A primer on partiall east squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage publications.
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Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed, a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-152.
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 40(3), 414-433.
Hameed, A., & Amjad, S. (2009). Impact of office design on employee’s productivity:a case study of banking organizations of Abbottabad, Pakistan. Journal of Public Affairs Administration and Management, 3(1), 1-13.
Hansika, W. A. M., & Amarathunga, P. A. B. H. (2016, December). Impact of Office Design on Employees’ Productivity; A Case Study of Banking Organizations of North Western Province in SriLanka. In University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka, 13thinternational Conference on Business Management (iCBM).
Haynes, B. P. (2008). The impact of office comfort on productivity.Journal of Facilities Management, 6(1), 37-51.
Haynes, B., Suckley, L., & Nunnington, N. (2017). Workplace productivity and office type: An evaluation of office occupier differences based on age and gender. Journal of Corporate Real Estate, 19(2), 111-138.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partiall east squares path modeling in international marketing. In New challenges to international marketing (pp. 277-319). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Heschong, L. and Wright, R. L. (2002). Daylighting and Human Performance:Latest Findings, in Proceedings of the 2002 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Pacific Grove, California, 8.91-8.104.
Hussain, S., Fangwei, Z., Siddiqi, A., Ali, Z., & Shabbir, M. (2018). Structural equation model for evaluating factors affecting quality of social infrastructure projects. Sustainability, 10(5), doi:10.3390/su10051415.
Hwang, H., Malhotra, N. K., Kim, Y., Tomiuk, M. A., & Hong, S. (2010). A comparative study on parameter recovery of three approaches to structural equation modeling. Journal of Marketing Research, 47(4), 699-712.
Hygge, S., & Knez, I. (2001). Effects of noise, heat and indoor lighting on cognitive performance and self-reported affect. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21(3), 291-299.
Jaffri, S. L. B. (2015). Impact of Office Design over the Employees Productivity (A Case Study of NADRA). South Asian Journal of Management, 9(2), 43-48.
Johnson, B., & Gray, R. (2010). A history of philosophical and theoretical issues for mixed methods research. Sage Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research, 2, 69-94.
Kamarulzaman, N., Saleh, A. A., Hashim, S. Z., Hashim, H., & Abdul-Ghani,A. A. (2011).An overview of the influence of physical office environments towards employee. Procedia Engineering, 20, 262-268.
Khedkar, E. B., & Pawar, P. Y. (2015). Review of literature on organizational ergonomics. international Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Management Studies, 5(4), 454-458.
Liaqat, M., Chang, V., Gani, A., Ab Hamid, S. H., Toseef, M., Shoaib, U., & Ali,R. L. (2017). Federated cloud resource management: Review and discussion. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 77, 87-105.
Loewen, L. J., & Suedfeld, P. (1992). Cognitive and arousal effects of masking office noise. Environment and Behavior, 24(3), 381-395.
Manggo, I. (2014). Analysis of Workplace Ergonomics on Employee Performance in PT. BNI (Persero) Tbk. Main Branch Office Manado. Jurnal EMBA:Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnisdan Akuntansi, 2(3), 632-643.
Mumuni, I. A., & Sam, A. H. (2014). Modern Office Technology and the Performance of the Professional Secretary in Contemporary Organization in Ghana. Journal of information and Knowledge Management, 3(4), 52-57.
Network, B. B. (2008). BNET business dictionary.
Parveen, S., Sohail, M. M., Naeem, F., Azhar, Z., & Khan, S. H. (2012).Impact of office facilities and workplace milieu on employees’ performance: A case study of Sargodha University. Asian Journal of Empirical Research, 2(4), 96-117.
Pickson, R. B., Bannerman, S., & Ahwireng, P. O. (2017). Investigating the Effect of Ergonomics on Employee Productivity: A Case Study of the Butchering and Trimming Line of Pioneer Food Cannery in Ghana. Modern Economy, 8(12), 1561-1574.
Ravand, H., & Baghaei, P. (2016). Partial least squares structural equation modelling with R. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 21(11), 1-16.
Riaz, A., Shoaib, U., & Sarfraz, M. S. (2017). Workplace Design and Employee‘s Performance and Health in Software Industry of Pakistan. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 8(5), 542-548.
Roelofsen, P. (2002). The impact of office environments on employee performance: The design of the workplace as a strategy for productivity enhancement. Journal of facilities Management, 1(3), 247-264.
Saha, S. (2016).A Study on Impact of Workplace Design on Employee’s Productivity in Selected IT Companies in Pune Region. International Journal of Business and General Management, 5(1), 2319-2267.
Sarode, A. P., & Shirsath, M. (2012). The factors affecting employee work environment & it’s relation with employee productivity. international Journal of Science and Research, 3(11), 2735-2737.
Saunders, M. N., & Bezzina, F. (2015). Reflections on conceptions of research methodology among management academics. European Management Journal, 33(5), 297-304.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2007). Research methods.Business Students. Saunders, M., Lewis, P., Thornhill, A., & Wilson, J. (2009). Business research methods. London: Financial Times, Prentice Hall.
Sehgal, S. (2012). Relationship between work environment and productivity. international Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 2(4), 1992-1995.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley & Sons.
Seppanen, O., Fisk, W. J., & Lei, Q. H. (2006). Effect of temperature on task performance in office environment (No.LBNL-60946). Berkeley, CA(US): Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
Smith, A. P. (1985). The effects of different types of noise on semantic processing and syntactic reasoning. Acta Psychologica, 58(3), 263-273.
Sparks, S. A., Cable, N. T., Doran, D. A., & Maclaren, D. P. M. (2005).The influence of environmental temperature on duathlon performance. Ergonomics, 48(11-14), 1558-1567.
Sultan, M. F., Zafar, M. R. & Anila (2016). Office Design and its impact on employees’ productivity: Evidence from Islamic Banks of Karachi. international Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 6(6), 335-342.
Toftum, J., Lund, S., Kristiansen, J., & Clausen, G. (2012). Effect of open plan office noise on occupant comfort and performance. in 10thinternational Conference on Healthy Buildings.
Ullah, K., Mughees, M., Mirza, F. M., & Shakoor, U. (2018). Exploring the Link between Workplace Environment and Workers’Satisfaction: IT & Telecom Industry of Islamabad, Pakistan. The Pakistan Journal of Social issues, 9(1).
Vimalanathan, K., & Babu, R. T. (2017). A Study on the Effect of Ergonomics on Computer Operating Office Workers in India. J Ergonomics, 7(5), doi:10.4172/2165-7556.1000211.Vischer, J. C. (2007). The concept of environmental comfort in work place performance. Ambiente Construido, 7(1), 21-34.
Wah, L., (1998). The power office. Management Review, 87(5), 10-14.
Yusof, H. S. M., Said, N. S. M., & Ali, S. R. O. (2016). A study of organizational culture and employee motivation in private sector company. Journal of Applied Environment and Biology Sciences, 6(3S), 50-54.
Ahmad, N., Khan, S., & Ali, F. (2016). An Investigation of Workplace Environment in Karachi Textile Industry towards Emotional Health. Journal of independent Studies and Research, 14(1), 63-78.
Ajala, E. M. (2012). The influence of workplace environment on workers’welfare, performance and productivity. The African Symposium.
Akhtar, N., Ali, S., Salman, M., Ur-Rehman, A. & Ijaz, A., (2014). Interior Design and its Impact on of Employees’ Productivity in Telecom Sector, Pakistan. Journal of Asian Business Strategy, 4(6), 74-82.
Al-Omari, K., & Okasheh, H. (2017). The Influence of Work Environment on Job Performance: A Case Study of Engineering Company in Jordan. international Journal of Applied Engineering Research,12(24), 15544-15550.
Amirazar, A., Azarbayjani, M., Day, J., Thariyan, E., Stearns, E., & Brentrup, D. (2017). Questionnaire Survey on Factors Influencing Occupants’ Overall Satisfaction on Different Office Layout in aMixed-Humid Climate. ARCC 2017: Architecture of Complexity,Amirazar/Azarbayjani/Day/Thariyan/Stearns/Brentrup.
Asghar, A. (2019). The Future of Higher Education in Pakistan. The Economist, http://www.pakistaneconomist.com/2019/01/21/future-of-higher-education-in-pakistan/
Becker, F. (2002). Improving organizational performance by exploiting workplace flexibility. Journal of facilities management, 1(2), 154-162.
Borman, W. C. (2004). The concept of organizational citizenship. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13(6), 238-241.
Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. M. (1993). Expanding the criterion domain to include elements of contextual performance. Personnel Selection in Organizations; San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 71-98.
Brannick, T., & Roche, W. K. (Eds.). (1997). Business research methods:strategies, techniques and sources. Oak Tree Press.
Bryman, A., Becker, S., & Sempik, J. (2008). Quality criteria for quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods research: A view from social policy. international Journal of Social Research Methodology, 11(4), 261-276.
Chandrasekar, K. (2011). Workplace environment and its impact on organizational performance in public sector organizations. international journal of enterprise computing and business systems, 1(1), 1-19.
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. Modern methods for business research, 295(2), 295-336.
Cullen, S. (2002). The perfect office machines. Office Solutions, 19(8), 18-18.
Cummings, L. L., & Schwab, D. P. (1973). Performance in organizations:Determinants & appraisal. Good Year Books.
Dalbokova, D., & Krzyzanowski, M. (2002). Environmental health indicators: development of a methodology for the WHO European Region. Statistical Journal of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, 19(1, 2), 93-103.
Dorgan, C. B., & Dorgan, C. E. (2005). U.S. Patent No. 6,842,760.Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Eiseman, L. (2006). Color: Messages and meanings: A Pantone color resource. Hand Books Press.
El-Zeiny, R. M. A. (2012). The interior design of workplace and its impact on employees’ performance: A case study of the private sector corporations in Egypt. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 35, 746-756.
Evans, G. W., Cohen, S., Stokols, D., & Altman, I. (1987).Handbook of environmental psychology. Handbook Environmental Psychology.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics.
Guest, S., & Van Laar, D. (2002). The effect of name category and discriminability on the search characteristics of color sets. Perception, 31(4), 445-461.
Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2016). A primer on partiall east squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage publications.
Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Gudergan, S. P. (2017). Advanced issues in partial least squares structural equation modeling. Sage Publications.
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed, a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-152.
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 40(3), 414-433.
Hameed, A., & Amjad, S. (2009). Impact of office design on employee’s productivity:a case study of banking organizations of Abbottabad, Pakistan. Journal of Public Affairs Administration and Management, 3(1), 1-13.
Hansika, W. A. M., & Amarathunga, P. A. B. H. (2016, December). Impact of Office Design on Employees’ Productivity; A Case Study of Banking Organizations of North Western Province in SriLanka. In University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka, 13thinternational Conference on Business Management (iCBM).
Haynes, B. P. (2008). The impact of office comfort on productivity.Journal of Facilities Management, 6(1), 37-51.
Haynes, B., Suckley, L., & Nunnington, N. (2017). Workplace productivity and office type: An evaluation of office occupier differences based on age and gender. Journal of Corporate Real Estate, 19(2), 111-138.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partiall east squares path modeling in international marketing. In New challenges to international marketing (pp. 277-319). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Heschong, L. and Wright, R. L. (2002). Daylighting and Human Performance:Latest Findings, in Proceedings of the 2002 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Pacific Grove, California, 8.91-8.104.
Hussain, S., Fangwei, Z., Siddiqi, A., Ali, Z., & Shabbir, M. (2018). Structural equation model for evaluating factors affecting quality of social infrastructure projects. Sustainability, 10(5), doi:10.3390/su10051415.
Hwang, H., Malhotra, N. K., Kim, Y., Tomiuk, M. A., & Hong, S. (2010). A comparative study on parameter recovery of three approaches to structural equation modeling. Journal of Marketing Research, 47(4), 699-712.
Hygge, S., & Knez, I. (2001). Effects of noise, heat and indoor lighting on cognitive performance and self-reported affect. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21(3), 291-299.
Jaffri, S. L. B. (2015). Impact of Office Design over the Employees Productivity (A Case Study of NADRA). South Asian Journal of Management, 9(2), 43-48.
Johnson, B., & Gray, R. (2010). A history of philosophical and theoretical issues for mixed methods research. Sage Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research, 2, 69-94.
Kamarulzaman, N., Saleh, A. A., Hashim, S. Z., Hashim, H., & Abdul-Ghani,A. A. (2011).An overview of the influence of physical office environments towards employee. Procedia Engineering, 20, 262-268.
Khedkar, E. B., & Pawar, P. Y. (2015). Review of literature on organizational ergonomics. international Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Management Studies, 5(4), 454-458.
Liaqat, M., Chang, V., Gani, A., Ab Hamid, S. H., Toseef, M., Shoaib, U., & Ali,R. L. (2017). Federated cloud resource management: Review and discussion. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 77, 87-105.
Loewen, L. J., & Suedfeld, P. (1992). Cognitive and arousal effects of masking office noise. Environment and Behavior, 24(3), 381-395.
Manggo, I. (2014). Analysis of Workplace Ergonomics on Employee Performance in PT. BNI (Persero) Tbk. Main Branch Office Manado. Jurnal EMBA:Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnisdan Akuntansi, 2(3), 632-643.
Mumuni, I. A., & Sam, A. H. (2014). Modern Office Technology and the Performance of the Professional Secretary in Contemporary Organization in Ghana. Journal of information and Knowledge Management, 3(4), 52-57.
Network, B. B. (2008). BNET business dictionary.
Parveen, S., Sohail, M. M., Naeem, F., Azhar, Z., & Khan, S. H. (2012).Impact of office facilities and workplace milieu on employees’ performance: A case study of Sargodha University. Asian Journal of Empirical Research, 2(4), 96-117.
Pickson, R. B., Bannerman, S., & Ahwireng, P. O. (2017). Investigating the Effect of Ergonomics on Employee Productivity: A Case Study of the Butchering and Trimming Line of Pioneer Food Cannery in Ghana. Modern Economy, 8(12), 1561-1574.
Ravand, H., & Baghaei, P. (2016). Partial least squares structural equation modelling with R. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 21(11), 1-16.
Riaz, A., Shoaib, U., & Sarfraz, M. S. (2017). Workplace Design and Employee‘s Performance and Health in Software Industry of Pakistan. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 8(5), 542-548.
Roelofsen, P. (2002). The impact of office environments on employee performance: The design of the workplace as a strategy for productivity enhancement. Journal of facilities Management, 1(3), 247-264.
Saha, S. (2016).A Study on Impact of Workplace Design on Employee’s Productivity in Selected IT Companies in Pune Region. International Journal of Business and General Management, 5(1), 2319-2267.
Sarode, A. P., & Shirsath, M. (2012). The factors affecting employee work environment & it’s relation with employee productivity. international Journal of Science and Research, 3(11), 2735-2737.
Saunders, M. N., & Bezzina, F. (2015). Reflections on conceptions of research methodology among management academics. European Management Journal, 33(5), 297-304.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2007). Research methods.Business Students. Saunders, M., Lewis, P., Thornhill, A., & Wilson, J. (2009). Business research methods. London: Financial Times, Prentice Hall.
Sehgal, S. (2012). Relationship between work environment and productivity. international Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 2(4), 1992-1995.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley & Sons.
Seppanen, O., Fisk, W. J., & Lei, Q. H. (2006). Effect of temperature on task performance in office environment (No.LBNL-60946). Berkeley, CA(US): Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
Smith, A. P. (1985). The effects of different types of noise on semantic processing and syntactic reasoning. Acta Psychologica, 58(3), 263-273.
Sparks, S. A., Cable, N. T., Doran, D. A., & Maclaren, D. P. M. (2005).The influence of environmental temperature on duathlon performance. Ergonomics, 48(11-14), 1558-1567.
Sultan, M. F., Zafar, M. R. & Anila (2016). Office Design and its impact on employees’ productivity: Evidence from Islamic Banks of Karachi. international Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 6(6), 335-342.
Toftum, J., Lund, S., Kristiansen, J., & Clausen, G. (2012). Effect of open plan office noise on occupant comfort and performance. in 10thinternational Conference on Healthy Buildings.
Ullah, K., Mughees, M., Mirza, F. M., & Shakoor, U. (2018). Exploring the Link between Workplace Environment and Workers’Satisfaction: IT & Telecom Industry of Islamabad, Pakistan. The Pakistan Journal of Social issues, 9(1).
Vimalanathan, K., & Babu, R. T. (2017). A Study on the Effect of Ergonomics on Computer Operating Office Workers in India. J Ergonomics, 7(5), doi:10.4172/2165-7556.1000211.Vischer, J. C. (2007). The concept of environmental comfort in work place performance. Ambiente Construido, 7(1), 21-34.
Wah, L., (1998). The power office. Management Review, 87(5), 10-14.
Yusof, H. S. M., Said, N. S. M., & Ali, S. R. O. (2016). A study of organizational culture and employee motivation in private sector company. Journal of Applied Environment and Biology Sciences, 6(3S), 50-54.
Published
2020-06-01
How to Cite
Sultan, F. (2020). PERCEIVED IMPACT OF OFFICE DESIGN ON PERFORMANCE OF FACULTY: EVIDENCE FROM FACULTY MEMBERS WORKING WITH LEADING HIGHER EDUCATIONS INSTITUTES OF KARACHI. Journal of Business Strategies, 14(1), 123-144. Retrieved from http://greenwichjournals.com/index.php/businessstudies/article/view/419
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Articles
