PAKISTAN'S WHEAT PARADOX: SELF-SUFFICIENCY AMIDST RISING IMPORTS AND POLICY CHALLENGES
PAKISTAN'S WHEAT PARADOX:
Keywords:
Wheat, Wheat availability, Consumption, Food security.Abstract
This study aims to examine the food security conditions of Pakistan in the context of wheat, as it is a significant food crop consumed all over the country. The major objective of the study was to assess the current status of food security in Pakistan and analyze the trends in wheat production and consumption. Secondary data were obtained on production, consumption, imports, and exports of wheat from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for the years 2001-2024. The results found that the production of wheat has increased over the past 24 years despite facing fluctuations. However, on the other hand, consumption has continuously risen over the years, with the per capita consumption reaching approximately 124 kgs/person. Results showed a minimal increase in exports, while a huge rise was seen in imports to meet the growing domestic demand. The results further found that wheat availability has also gradually increased over time, but the gap between the quantity of wheat available and its consumption still persists. The study concluded that Pakistan is self-sufficient in wheat production and is a food secure country, but due to certain issues and mismanagement of resources, it has to import a huge quantity of wheat to feed its nation. Therefore, Pakistan must focus on addressing these issues by adopting high-yielding, climate-resilient varieties, modern agricultural practices, efficient use of quality inputs, and improved water management. Consistent policies of government, investments in research, and careful management of wheat imports are also crucial for minimizing reliance on imported wheat and ensuring food security in the country.
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