IMPLEMENTATION OF FREE EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY OF GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS IN PAKISTAN
Keywords:
Early Childhood Education, Brain Development, Brain Shaping-Personality, Economic Development, Skills Development, Act ImplementationAbstract
This research paper aims to review and evaluate the implementation of arrangements made by the government of Sindh for free Early Childhood Education. Furthermore, this study undertakes a case study of the government schools of Hyderabad District. Since this topic is under-researched in the province, the authors of this paper have tried to see the efforts of government regarding the implementation of the law passed after the implementation of the 18th amendment, especially for early childhood education, which is one of the important phases of education. This study is based on descriptive data and analysis were conducted using the Force Field Analysis (FFA). Both primary and secondary sources were used for data collection. The study concludes that the government’s initiative to pass the Sindh Right of Children to Free & Compulsory Education (SROCTF & CE) law is facing barriers in its implementation. In the end, the study suggests some recommendations, in light of the research findings.
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neighbourhoods: The science of early childhood development.
Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
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from http://aserpakistan.org/document/learning_resources/2014/Alif
%20Ailaan%20District%20Ranking.
Barnett, W. S. (2008). Why governments should invest in early education.
CESifo DICE Report, 6(2), 9-14.
Bell, M. A., & Fox, N. A. (1994). Brain development over the first year
of life: Relations between electroencephalographic frequency and
coherence and cognitive and affective behaviors, 1(1), 314-345
Blakemore, S. J., & Frith, U. (2005). The learning brain: Lessons for
education. New Jersey: Blackwell publishing.
Bloom, B. S. (1964). Stability and change in human characteristics. New
Jersey: Wiley.
Broberg, A. G., Wessels, H., Lamb, M. E., & Hwang, C. P. (1997). Effects
of daycare on the development of cognitive abilities in 8-yearolds:
A longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 33(1), 62.
Burchinal, M. R., Roberts, J. E., Nabors, L. A., & Bryant, D. M. (1996).
Quality of centre childcare and infant cognitive and language
development. Child Development, 67(2), 606-620.
Camilli, G., Vargas, S., Ryan, S., & Barnett, W. S. (2010). A meta-analysis
of the effects of early education interventions on cognitive and
social development. Teachers College Record, 112(3), 579-620.
Currie, J., & Blau, D. (2005). Who’s Minding the Kids? Handbook of
Education Economics. In Finis Welch and Eric Hanushek (eds).
New York: North Holland.
Doherty, J. & Hughes, M. (2009). Child development: Theory and practice,
Harlow, Essex: Pearson. Retrieved from: http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/10423
ECCE. (2015). Early Childhood Care & Education Policy Sindh, Education
and Literacy Department, Government of Sindh. Retrieved from
http://aserpakistan.org/document/learning_resources/2017/ece/
ECCE-Policy-Sindh-2015.pdf
ECCE. (2017). Early Childhood Care & Education Policy Sindh, Education
and Literacy Department, Government of Sindh. Retrieved from
http://aserpakistan.org/document/learning_resources/2017/ece/
ECCE-Policy-Sindh-2017.pdf
Elliot, A. J. (1999). Approach and avoidance motivation and achievement
goals. Educational Psychologist, 34(3), 169-189.
Emde, R. N. (1998). Early Emotional Development: New Modes of Thinking
for Research and Intervention. Paediatrics, 102(5), 1236-1243.
GoP. (2011). Pakistan Education Statistics 2005-06 to 2010-11. Government
of Pakistan, Ministry of Education, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Gokalp, M., Barut, Y., & Mentese, S. (2010). Pre-school education and
the effects of the relations between parents and teachers on preschool
age children (Ordu Centrum). Procedia-Social and
Behavioral Sciences, 9(1), 203-212.
Heckman, J. J. (2008). Schools, skills, and synapses. Economic Inquiry,
46(3), 289-324.
Heckman, J. J., & Masterov, D. V. (2007). The productivity argument for
investing in young children. Applied Economic Perspectives and
Policy, 29(3), 446-493.
National Research Council. (2015). Transforming the workforce for children
birth through age 8: A unifying foundation. National Academies Press.
Nelson, C. A. (2000). Neural plasticity and human development: The role
of early experience in sculpting memory systems. Developmental
Science, 3(2), 115-136.
Phillips, D. A., & Shonkoff, J. P. (Eds.). (2000). From neurons to
neighbourhoods: The science of early childhood development.
Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Porter, S. (2014). Position statement on early childhood development.
Journal of Paediatric Nursing, 2(29), 187-188.
Sylva, K., & Pugh, G. (2005). Transforming the early years in England.
Oxford Review of Education, 31(1), 11-27.
UNESCO. (2010). Five Year Strategic Plan for the Promotion of Literacy
in the Province of Punjab (2010-2015). National Commission for
Human Development (NCHD) Pakistan.
UNICEF. (2019, May 25). Why Early Childhood Development? Retrieved
from https://www.unicef.org/earlychildhood/index_40748.html
Young, M. E., & Mundial, B. (1996). Early child development: investing
in the future. Washington DC: World Bank.
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Published
2019-06-15
How to Cite
Qureshi, A. J., Bhutto, D. A., & Mahar, P. R. (2019). IMPLEMENTATION OF FREE EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY OF GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS IN PAKISTAN. Journal of Business Strategies, 13(1), 125–142. Retrieved from https://greenwichjournals.com/index.php/businessstudies/article/view/327
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