THE MEDIATING ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CYNICISM IN CAUSING WORK ALIENATION IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Keywords:
Work Alienation, Organizational Cynicism, Supervisor Support, Organizational Politics, Higher EducationAbstract
This paper aims to examine the mediating role of organizational cynicism in instigating work alienation with constructs such as perceived supervisor support and perceived organizational politics. The study is descriptive research and quantitative approach was utilized to conduct the study. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire from full time faculty members employed in private universities of Karachi. It was found that although organizational cynicism can significantly be predicted by perceived supervisor support and perceived organization politics; however, organization cynicism failed to play a mediating role in establishing the relationship between the perceptions and work alienation. This study will help the heads of the universities to identify the level of organizational cynicism in their institutions, to overcome the problem and eliminate it.
References
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organizational communication and organizational cynicism
according to teachers’ perceptions in Turkey. Educational
Research and Reviews, 10(5), 547-555.
Aküzüm, C. (2014). The effect of organizational justice and organizational
cynicism on organizational commitment: an application in
primary education institutions. Mevlana International Journal of
Education (MIJE), 4(3), 48-68.
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contract violation framework. Human Relations, 49(11), 1395-1418.
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London: Routledge.
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among Cuban workers. Management Research: Journal of the
Iberoamerican Academy of Management, 1(3), 243-252.
Banai, M., & Reisel, W. D. (2007). The influence of supportive leadership
and job characteristics on work alienation: A six-country
investigation. Journal of World Business, 42(4), 463-476.
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distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual,
strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality
and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173.
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and Consequences. Organizational Cynicism Dissertation,
University of Oklahoma.
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Construct issues and performance implications. In Employee
Health, Coping and Methodologies (pp. 233-266). Bingley,
United Kingdom: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
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the validity of political trust measures. Western Political
Quarterly, 33(1), 108-120.
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the Education Faculty Students and Their Attitudes towards the
Teaching Profession. Educational Sciences: Theory and
Practice, 13(3), 1507-1513.
Cartwright, S., & Holmes, N. (2006). The meaning of work: The challenge
of regaining employee engagement and reducing cynicism.
Human Resource Management Review, 16(2), 199-208.
Cheung, C. K. (2008). Lagged harm of work restructuring and work
alienation to work commitment. International Journal of
Employment Studies, 16(2), 170.
Chiaburu, D. S., Peng, A. C., Oh, I. S., Banks, G. C., & Lomeli, L. C. (2013).
Antecedents and consequences of employee organizational cynicism:
A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83(2), 181-197.
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correlates: A meta-analysis. European Management Journal,
32(1), 24-36.
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alienation, and work-related behavior: A study of professional
employees. Journal of Management, 5(1), 57-70.
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relationship between organizational politics and support to work
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organizational support, and perceived supervisor support on
marketing employees’ level of trust. Journal of Business
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Construct redefinition, measurement, and validation. Academy of
Management Journal, 37(4), 765-802.
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In R. A. Giacalone & P. Rosenfeld (Eds.), Impression
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Lawrence Erlbaum.
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preliminary investigation. Organizational behavior and human
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disease: Social support, life stress, and physiological response to
conflict. Health Psychology, 7(5), 447.
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Perceived organizational support as a mediator of the relationship
between politics perceptions and work outcomes. Journal of
Vocational Behavior, 63(3), 438-456.
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interactive effects of politics perceptions and trait cynicism on
work outcomes. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies,
10(4), 44-57.
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impact of work alienation on organizational citizenship behavior
in the Canary Islands. International Journal of Organizational
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issues in the study of work-related stress. Research in Personnel
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psychological contract breach and organizational cynicism: Not
all social exchange violations are created equal. Journal of
Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of
Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and
Behavior, 24(5), 627-647.
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in Human Resources Management, 1,1-39.
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School Culture, and Academic Achievement: The Study of
Structural Equation Modeling. Educational Sciences: Theory and
Practice, 14(1), 102-113.
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managers altruist behaviors upon organizational cynicism: The
case of Kocaeli, Turkey, Educational Research and Reviews,
8(24), 2317-2324.
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organizational support. Educational and Psychological
Measurement, 48(1), 1075-1079.
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Employee Work Behaviors in the Airline Industry: Employee
Cynicism as Mediator, International Journal of Business and
Social Science, 4(12), 304-312.
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Exploring the Roles of Cynicism and Dissent, Proceedings of the
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Innovation Management, and Industrial Engineering, (23-24
Nov. 2013, pp. 496-499).
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of 1844 and the Communist manifesto. New York: Prometheus
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ethical leadership behaviour: A Study at Higher Education,
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organizational politics: a meta-analysis of outcomes, Journal of
Business Psychology, 22(3), 209-222.
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Interactive Effect of Organizational Cynicism on Perception of
Organizational Politics and Citizenship Behavior, International
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an Empirical Study on Teaching Hospitals in Egypt, International
Business Research, 6(7), 52-69.
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cynicism on Organizational Commitment: An Applied Study on
Teaching Hospitals in Egypt, European Journal of Business, and
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alienation of knowledge workers, Management Decision, 48(4),
600-615.
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relationships and performance, The Leadership
Quarterly, 23(5), 965–976.
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organizational formalization on alienation among professionals
and nonprofessionals. Academy of Management Journal, 29(1).
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Organizational Politics Perceptions, Journal of Managerial
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cynicism toward organizational change, Corporate
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organizational communication and organizational cynicism
according to teachers’ perceptions in Turkey. Educational
Research and Reviews, 10(5), 547-555.
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cynicism on organizational commitment: an application in
primary education institutions. Mevlana International Journal of
Education (MIJE), 4(3), 48-68.
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contract violation framework. Human Relations, 49(11), 1395-1418.
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London: Routledge.
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among Cuban workers. Management Research: Journal of the
Iberoamerican Academy of Management, 1(3), 243-252.
Banai, M., & Reisel, W. D. (2007). The influence of supportive leadership
and job characteristics on work alienation: A six-country
investigation. Journal of World Business, 42(4), 463-476.
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distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual,
strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality
and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173.
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and Consequences. Organizational Cynicism Dissertation,
University of Oklahoma.
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Construct issues and performance implications. In Employee
Health, Coping and Methodologies (pp. 233-266). Bingley,
United Kingdom: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
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the validity of political trust measures. Western Political
Quarterly, 33(1), 108-120.
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the Education Faculty Students and Their Attitudes towards the
Teaching Profession. Educational Sciences: Theory and
Practice, 13(3), 1507-1513.
Cartwright, S., & Holmes, N. (2006). The meaning of work: The challenge
of regaining employee engagement and reducing cynicism.
Human Resource Management Review, 16(2), 199-208.
Cheung, C. K. (2008). Lagged harm of work restructuring and work
alienation to work commitment. International Journal of
Employment Studies, 16(2), 170.
Chiaburu, D. S., Peng, A. C., Oh, I. S., Banks, G. C., & Lomeli, L. C. (2013).
Antecedents and consequences of employee organizational cynicism:
A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83(2), 181-197.
Chiaburu, D. S., Thundiyil, T., & Wang, J. (2014). Alienation and its
correlates: A meta-analysis. European Management Journal,
32(1), 24-36.
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alienation, and work-related behavior: A study of professional
employees. Journal of Management, 5(1), 57-70.
Cropanzano, R., Howes, J. C., Grandey, A. A., & Toth, P. (1997). The
relationship between organizational politics and support to work
behaviors, attitudes, and stress. Journal of Organizational
Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational
and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 18(2), 159-180.
Cutler, I. (2000). The cynical manager. Management Learning, 31(3), 295-312.
Dean Jr, J. W., Brandes, P., & Dharwadkar, R. (1998). Organizational
cynicism. Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 341-352.
DeConinck, J. B. (2010). The effect of organizational justice perceived
organizational support, and perceived supervisor support on
marketing employees’ level of trust. Journal of Business
Research, 63(12), 1349-1355.
Dyne, L. V., & Graham, J. W. (1994). Organizational citizenship behavior:
Construct redefinition, measurement, and validation. Academy of
Management Journal, 37(4), 765-802.
Edmondson, D. R., Boyer, S. L., & Artis, A. B. (2012). Self-directed
learning: A meta-analytic review of adult learning constructs.
International Journal of Education Research, 7(1), 40-48.
Evans, W. R., Goodman, J. M., & Davis, W. D. (2010). The impact of
perceived corporate citizenship on organizational cynicism, OCB,
and employee deviance. Human Performance, 24(1), 79-97.
Ferris, G. R., Adams, G., Kolodinsky, R. W., Hochwarter, W. A., &
Ammeter, A. P. (2002). Perceptions of organizational politics:
Theory and research directions. In The many faces of multi-level
issues (pp. 179-254). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Ferris, G. R., & Kacmar, K. M. (1992). Perception of organizational
politics, Journal of Management. 18(1), 93-116.
Ferris, G. R., Russ, G. S., & Fandt, P. M. (1989). Politics in organizations.
In R. A. Giacalone & P. Rosenfeld (Eds.), Impression
management in the organization: 143-170. Hillsdale, NJ:
Lawrence Erlbaum.
Fromm, E., & Anderson, L. A. (2017). The sane society. London: Routledge.
Greller, M. M., & Herold, D. M. (1975). Sources of feedback: A
preliminary investigation. Organizational behavior and human
performance, 13(2), 244-256.
Hardy, J. D., & Smith, T. W. (1988). Cynical hostility and vulnerability to
disease: Social support, life stress, and physiological response to
conflict. Health Psychology, 7(5), 447.
Hochwarter, W. A., Kacmar, C., Perrewe, P. L., & Johnson, D. (2003).
Perceived organizational support as a mediator of the relationship
between politics perceptions and work outcomes. Journal of
Vocational Behavior, 63(3), 438-456.
Hochwarter, W. A., James, M., Johnson, D., & Ferris, G. R. (2004). The
interactive effects of politics perceptions and trait cynicism on
work outcomes. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies,
10(4), 44-57.
Jesús Suárez-Mendoza, M., & Zoghbi-Manrique-de-Lara, P. (2008). The
impact of work alienation on organizational citizenship behavior
in the Canary Islands. International Journal of Organizational
Analysis, 15(1), 56-76.
Jex, S. M., & Beehr, T. A. (1991). Emerging theoretical and methodological
issues in the study of work-related stress. Research in Personnel
and Human Resources Management, 9(31), l-365.
Johnson, J. L., & O’Leary-Kelly, A. M. (2003). The effects of
psychological contract breach and organizational cynicism: Not
all social exchange violations are created equal. Journal of
Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of
Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and
Behavior, 24(5), 627-647.
Kacmar, K. M., & Baron, R. A. (1999). Organizational politics. Research
in Human Resources Management, 1,1-39.
Kanungo, R. N. (1982). Work alienation: An Integrative Approach. New
York: Praeger Publishers.
Karada?, E., Kiliço?lu, G., & Yilmaz, D. (2014). Organizational Cynicism,
School Culture, and Academic Achievement: The Study of
Structural Equation Modeling. Educational Sciences: Theory and
Practice, 14(1), 102-113.
Konakli, T., Özy?lmaz, G., & Çörtük, S. (2013). Impact of school
managers altruist behaviors upon organizational cynicism: The
case of Kocaeli, Turkey, Educational Research and Reviews,
8(24), 2317-2324.
Kottke, J., & Sharafinski, C. (1988). Measuring perceived supervisory and
organizational support. Educational and Psychological
Measurement, 48(1), 1075-1079.
Kuang-Man, W. (2013). The Effects of Psychological Contract Breach on
Employee Work Behaviors in the Airline Industry: Employee
Cynicism as Mediator, International Journal of Business and
Social Science, 4(12), 304-312.
Mantere, S., & Martinsuo, M. (2001). Adopting and Questioning Strategy:
Exploring the Roles of Cynicism and Dissent, Proceedings of the
6th International Conference on Information Management,
Innovation Management, and Industrial Engineering, (23-24
Nov. 2013, pp. 496-499).
Marx, K., & Engels, F. (2009). The economic and philosophic manuscripts
of 1844 and the Communist manifesto. New York: Prometheus
Books.
Mau, R. Y. (1992). The validity and devolution of a concept: Student
alienation. Adolescence, 27(107), 731.
Mayer, R., Davis, J., & Schoorman, F. (1995). An integrative model of
organizational trust, Academy of Management Review, 20(2),
709–734.
Mete, Y. A. (2013). Relationship between organizational cynicism and
ethical leadership behaviour: A Study at Higher Education,
Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 89, 476-483.
Miller, B., Rutherford, M. & Kolodinsky, R. (2008). Perceptions of
organizational politics: a meta-analysis of outcomes, Journal of
Business Psychology, 22(3), 209-222.
Mottaz, C. J. (1981). Some determinants of work alienation. Sociological
Quarterly, 22(4), 515-529.
Munir, Y., Khan, S. U. R., Khalifah, Z. B., Asif, T., & Khan, H. (2014).
Interactive Effect of Organizational Cynicism on Perception of
Organizational Politics and Citizenship Behavior, International
Journal of Information Processing & Management, 5(1), 284-291.
Nafei, W. (2013). The Effects of Organizational Cynicism on Job Attitudes
an Empirical Study on Teaching Hospitals in Egypt, International
Business Research, 6(7), 52-69.
Nafei, W. A., & Kaifi, B. A. (2013). The Impact of Organizational
cynicism on Organizational Commitment: An Applied Study on
Teaching Hospitals in Egypt, European Journal of Business, and
Management, 5(12), 131-147.
Nair, N., & Vohra, N. (2009). Developing a New Measure of Work
Alienation, Journal of Workplace Rights, 14(01), 293–309.
Nair, N., & Vohra, N. (2010). An exploration of factors predicting work
alienation of knowledge workers, Management Decision, 48(4),
600-615.
Neves, P. (2012). Organizational cynicism: Spillover effects on supervisorsubordinate
relationships and performance, The Leadership
Quarterly, 23(5), 965–976.
Podsakoff, P. M., Williams, L. J., & Todor, W. D. (1986). Effects of
organizational formalization on alienation among professionals
and nonprofessionals. Academy of Management Journal, 29(1).
820 831.
Poon, J. M. L. (2003). Situational Antecedents and Outcomes of
Organizational Politics Perceptions, Journal of Managerial
Psychology, 18(2), 138-155.
Pugh, S. D., Skarlicki, D. P., & Passell, B. S. (2003). After the Fall: Layoff
Victims’ Trust and Cynicism in Reemployment’, Journal of
Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 76, 201- 212.
Qian, Y., & Daniels, T. D. (2008). A communication model of employee
cynicism toward organizational change, Corporate
Communications: An International Journal, 13(3), 319-332.
Ramaswami, S. N., Agarwal, S., & Bhargava, M. (1993). Work alienation
of marketing employees: Influence of task, supervisory and
organizational structure factors, Journal of the Academy of
Marketing Science, 21(3), 179-193.
Rayce, S. L. B., Holstein, B. E., & Kreiner, S. (2008). Aspects of
alienation and symptom load among adolescents. The European
Journal of Public Health, 19(1), 79-84.
Reichers, A. E., Wanous, J. P. & Austin, J. T. (1997). Understanding and
Managing Cynicism about Organizational Change. Academy of
Management Executive, 11, 44-59.
Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R., & Armeli, S. (2001). Affective commitment
to the organization: The contribution of perceived organizational
support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 825-836.
Sarros, J. C., Tanewski, G. A., Winter, R. P., Santora, J. C., & Densten, I.
L. (2002). Work alienation and organizational leadership, British
Journal of Management, 13(4), 285-304.
Scott, K. A., & Zweig, D. (2008). Dispositional predictors of
organizational cynicism. Paper presented at the annual
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Published
2019-06-15
How to Cite
Yawer, T., Soomro, D. R. H., & Rashid, S. (2019). THE MEDIATING ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CYNICISM IN CAUSING WORK ALIENATION IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. Journal of Business Strategies, 13(1), 89–108. Retrieved from https://greenwichjournals.com/index.php/businessstudies/article/view/324
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