CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Abstract

This research paper intends to examine the challenges and opportunities faced by the Saudi Arabia owing to climate change. As one of the world's leading oil producers, Saudi Arabia faces unique challenges in addressing climate change. The nation is highly dependent on fossil fuel revenues, which not only contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions but also pose risks to long-term economic stability as the world transitions towards greener energy alternatives. Through qualitative research methodologies, including literature reviews and case studies, the study evaluates those rising temperatures, diminishing water resources, and increased frequency of extreme weather events threaten the country's agricultural sectors, water supply, and public health. These environmental impacts underscore the urgency for the Kingdom to diversify its economy and adapt to changing climate patterns. The reliance on oil not only reinforces the need for sustainability initiatives domestically but also raises questions about Saudi Arabia's leadership role in international climate efforts, particularly in the context of its commitments to the Paris Agreement and the Saudi Vision 2030.

Despite these challenges, Saudi Arabia also possesses significant opportunities to leverage its position in the global energy landscape. The Kingdom is actively investing in renewable energy technologies, aiming to generate 50% of its energy from renewable sources by 2030. This shift not only promises to reduce emissions but also to create jobs and foster economic diversification through the development of new industries. Moreover, Saudi Arabia's strategic geographical location offers the potential for solar energy production and wind power, along with its abundant natural resources for carbon capture and storage technologies. However, this research recommends that by capitalizing on these opportunities, the Kingdom can transition towards a more sustainable economy while playing a pivotal role in regional and global efforts to mitigate climate change. Ultimately, the pursuit of environmental sustainability can align with Saudi Arabia’s economic goals, paving the way for a resilient future that balances growth with ecological stewardship.