REPRESENTATION OF PATRIARCHAL SOCIETY: A FEMINIST STUDY OF SUB-CONTINENTAL ENGLISH LITERATURE
Keywords:
English Literature, Sub-Continental
Abstract
Women’s subjugation and oppression through patriarchy is as old as human history. Patriarchal system has created a very miserable situation of women in Subcontinent, especially in Pakistan. Most of the diasporic writers have highlighted the issues of patriarchy; females’ subjugation and oppression in one way or another in their writings but Daniyal Mohiuddin and Bapsi Sidwa have especially focused on a patriarchal institution in Pakistan. In Other Rooms, Other Wonders (2009) by Daniyal Mueenuddin and The Crow Eaters (1980) Bapsi Sidwa present different patriarchal institutions in developing countries, especially in Pakistan. The primary objective of this research project is to find out a system or mechanism through which various patriarchal institutions promote women’s suppression and subjugation. How womanhood, daughterhood, sisterhood and wifehood help in the promotion of females’ suppression and subjugation. It is also a fact that Arian culture promoted these institutions. Patriarchal institutions are also showing resistance against females’ struggle for equality. This research project is qualitative where data has been collected from different books, research journals and newspapers to dig out the role of patriarchal institutions in females’ subjugation. Lois Tyson point of view seems more authentic and applicable while we analyze gender biases, racial discrimination, and patriarchal ideologies. This research leads to the inference that male-centric society oversees the concealment and typification of females. Moreover, the reaction of a society dominated by men to endeavours of obstruction is the most exceedingly awful and even hostile in manner .References
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Beavoir, Simon de. (2011). The Second Sex. New York. Vintage Books.
Becker, M. (1999). Patriarchy and inequality: Towards substantive feminism. U. Chi. Legal F ., 21.
Feagin, J. R., & O’brien, E. (2003). White men on race: Power, privilege, and the shaping of cultural consciousness. Beacon Press.
Ghai, A. (2003). (Dis) embodied form: Issues of disabled women. Har-Anand Publications.
Haq, M. (1991). A Short History of Islam. Ilmi Books: Lahore.
Haynes, (1993). Religion in Third World Politics. Open University Press. p. 14.
Jackson, J. (1990). The popular front in France: Defending democracy, 1934-38. Cambridge University Press.
Malik, I. H. (2002). Religious minorities in Pakistan (Vol. 6). London: Minority rights group international.
Mill.John S. (1970). The Subjection of Women. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Moghadam, V . M. (2004). Patriarchy in transition: Women and the changing family in the Middle East. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 35(2), 137-162.
Moyser, G. (Ed.). (2002). Politics and religion in the modern world. Routledge.
Mueenuddin, D. (2009). In other rooms, other wonders. WW Norton & Company.
National Research Council. (1981). Women, work, and wages: Equal pay for jobs of equal value. National Academies Press. Pakistan Publications, n.d.), 8–9.
Patel, R. (2003). Woman versus Man: Socio-legal Gender Inequality in Pakistan. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah: Speeches as Governor-General of Pakistan 1947–1948 (Karachi:
Rahman, B. H. (2012). Framing of Pakistani Muslim women in international media: Muslim feminist’s perspective. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 2(1), 106-113.
Rais, R. B. (2005). Islamic radicalism and minorities in Pakistan. Religious radicalism and security in
Roman, L. G. (1993). Double exposure: The politics of feminist materialist ethnography. Educational Theory, 43(3), 279-308.
Schular, M. (1992). Freedom from Violence: Women’s Strategies from around the World. New York: OEF International.
Sidhwa, B. (1980). The Crow Eaters. London: Jonathan Cape.South Asia, 19, 447-65.
Sultana, A. (2010). Patriarchy and Women s Subordination: A Theoretical Analysis. Arts Faculty Journal, 1-18.
Tong, R. (1993). Feminist Thought. London: Routledge.
Tyson, L. (2006).Critical Theory Today. New York: Routledge.
Yusuf, Zohra. (2016). The Shrinking Minorities of Pakistan.
Published
2020-01-15
Section
Articles
